Іmmunological features in pregnant women with major obstetric syndromes

Abstract

Aim of the research – to evaluate the adaptive capabilities of the immunological system in pregnant women who had complications from the group of major obstetric syndromes (МОS) for the further development of an algorithm for the prevention of this complication.

Materials and methods. The main study group (MG) - 99 pregnant women who had a complication from the group of MOS, which was clinically manifested by placental insufficiency (PI); control group (CG) - 50 practically healthy pregnant women with a healthy reproductive history and an uncomplicated course of this pregnancy. The number (x109/l) and relative (%) of lymphocyte subpopulations CD3+ (T-lymphocytes), CD4+ (helper-inducers), CD8+ (cytotoxic suppressors), CD56+ (natural killers), CD19+ (B-lymphocytes) were determined; the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA); total hemolytic activity of the classical way of complement activation (CH₅₀); levels of IgG, IgM, IgA. Statistical processing of research results was carried out using standard Microsoft Excel 5.0 and Statistical 6.0 programs.

Results. In the I and II trimesters of pregnancy in MG and CG, a tendency to decrease was observed, СM4+ (51.8±2.5% and 48.9±1.6; 58.4±2.3% and 55.6±2.6%), and СD8+ (24.6±2.4% and 21.2±1.2%; 31.3±2.5% and 30.9±2.7%), which led to an increase in the immunoregulatory index (СD4+/СD8+) in MG (р<0.05). The level of СD19+, during gestation there was an increase in their relative number in MG (13.6±0.98%; 16.4±2.03% and 21.1±2.01%) (p<0.05); a predominance of the percentage of CD56+ lymphocytes, which have the properties of natural killers, was observed in pregnant MG (12.3±1.7%; 15.1±1.7%; 13.9±1.73% vs. 8.6±1.4%; 8.1±1.18%; 7.2±0.98%; p<0.05). Hemolytic activity of the classical pathway of complement activation (CH₅₀) in MG pregnant women was 1.5 times higher compared to CG pregnant women (p<0.05). APA, represented by IgG to cardiolipin, were detected in 47 (47.5%) pregnant women MG and 4 (8.0%) women pregnant CG (p<0.05).

Conclusions. Іn pregnant women with МОS, there is an immune maladaptation that progressively increases in the dynamics of gestation and is manifested by excessive activation of natural killers (CD56+), an increase in the immunoregulatory coefficient (CD4+/CD8+), an increase in the percentage of B-lymphocytes (CD19+), dysimmunoglobulinemia, which is accompanied by high indicators of the general hemolytic activity of the classical pathway of complement activation (CH₅₀), the presence of APA.

The research was conducted according to principles of Declaration of Helsinki. Protocol of research was proved by local ethical committee, mentioned in institution’s work. A informed sonsennt was collected in order to carry out the research. 

The author is stating no conflict of interests is declared.