Determining risk factors for umbilical cord pathology based on medical history
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15574/HW.2025.3(178).7379Keywords:
umbilical cord, anomalies, perinatal pathology, cord entanglementAbstract
Aim - to conduct an analysis of somatic and obstetric-gynecological history in order to identify risk factors for the development of umbilical cord pathology.
Materials and methods. A retrospective review of 75 delivery records at gestational ages between 28 and 41 weeks was performed. The study group (Group I, n=48) was subdivided into: Ia - 23 women with umbilical cord entanglement around the fetal neck and/or trunk; Ib - 13 women with a short umbilical cord; and Ic - 12 women with umbilical vessel abnormalities (single umbilical artery). The Control group (CG) included 27 pregnant women without umbilical cord pathology. The features of the premorbid background, reproductive and gynecological history, and extragenital pathology in the examined groups were analyzed.
Results. The study of the anamnesis showed: artificial abortions in the Group I were higher than in the CG. Also in the Group I, women had a history of one or more spontaneous miscarriages. Fetal growth retardation syndrome, аntenatal and intranatal fetal death were noted in the anamnesis in the Group I, in pregnant women in the CG these indicators were absent. Assessment of the frequency of extragenital pathology showed a burdened somatic anamnesis in both the Group I and the CG. Cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, pathology of the urinary system, inflammatory processes of the reproductive system and pathological changes of the cervix, the specific weight of gynecological diseases per woman almost twice exceeded such indicators in the CG. It should also be noted the high level of infertility in both the Group I and the CG.
Conclusions. The somatic health status of women and the presence of gynecological disorders at the preconception stage are significantly associated with a higher incidence of umbilical cord pathology. These findings highlight the necessity of improving current diagnostic and preventive strategies for pregnancy complications, with a particular emphasis on preconception care tailored to the specific medical history of women.
The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of the participating institution. Informed consent of the patients was obtained for the study.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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